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Peter Attia

Expert insight on health, performance, longevity, critical thinking, and pursuing excellence. Dr. Peter Attia (Stanford/Hopkins/NIH-trained MD) talks with leaders in their fields.

The Peter Attia Drive

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Brian Kennedy is a renowned biologist, leader in aging research, and director of the Center for Healthy Longevity at the National University of Singapore. In this episode, Brian shares insights from ongoing human aging studies, including clinical trials of rapamycin and how dosing strategies, timing, and exercise may influence outcomes. He presents two key models of aging—one as a linear accumulation of biological decline and the other as an exponential rise in mortality risk—and explains why traditional models of aging fall short. He also explains why most current aging biomarkers lack clinical utility and describes how his team is working to develop a more actionable biological clock. Additional topics include the potential of compounds like alpha-ketoglutarate, urolithin A, and NAD boosters, along with how lifestyle interventions—such as VO2 max training, strength building, and the use of GLP-1 and SGLT2 drugs—may contribute to longer, healthier lives.
 
We discuss:
 
 • Brian’s journey from the Buck Institute to Singapore, and the global evolution of aging research [2:45];
 • Rethinking the biology of aging: why models like the hallmarks of aging fall short [9:45];
 • How inflammation and mTOR signaling may play a central, causal role in aging [14:15];
 • The biological role of mTOR in aging, and the potential of rapamycin to slow aging and enhance immune resilience [17:30];
 • Aging as a linear decline in resilience overlaid with non-linear health fluctuations [22:30];
 • Speculating on the future of longevity: slowing biological aging through noise reduction and reprogramming [33:30];
 • Evaluating the role of the epigenome in aging, and the limits of methylation clocks [39:00];
 • Balancing the quest for immortality with the urgent need to improve late-life healthspan [43:00];
 • Comparing the big 4 chronic diseases: which are the most inevitable and modifiable? [47:15];
 • Exploring potential benefits of rapamycin: how Brian is testing this and other interventions in humans [51:45];
 • Testing alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) for healthspan benefits in aging [1:01:45];
 • Exploring urolithin A’s potential to enhance mitochondrial health, reduce frailty, and slow aging [1:05:30];
 • The potential of sublingual NAD for longevity, and the combination of NAD and AKG for metabolic and exercise enhancement [1:09:00];
 • Other interventions that may promote longevity: spermidine, 17𝛼-estradiol, HRT, and more [1:17:00];
 • Biological aging clocks, clinical biomarkers, and a new path to proactive longevity care [1:23:15];
 • Evaluating rapamycin, metformin, and GLP-1s for longevity in healthy individuals [1:32:15];
 • Why muscle, strength, and fitness are the strongest predictors of healthspan [1:37:30];
 • Why combining too many longevity interventions may backfire [1:39:30];
 • How increased funding and AI integration could accelerate breakthroughs in aging research [1:41:45];
 • The research Brian is most excited about, and the need to balance innovation with safety in longevity clinics [1:47:00];
 • Peter’s reflections on emerging interventions and the promise of combining proven aging compounds [1:54:00]; and
 • More.
 
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#357 ‒ A new era of longevity science: models of aging, human trials of rapamycin, biological clocks, promising compounds, and lifestyle interventions | Brian Kennedy, Ph.D.

In this special episode, Matthew Walker returns for his second AMA episode where he provides his expert insight on numerous sleep-related questions directly from listeners. He answers a wide range of questions from the gene that causes the short sleeping phenotype, to the ideal sleeping position, to the optimal temperature for best sleep, to how fasting affects sleep, plus a full dissertation on sleep apnea, and much, much more.
 
We discuss:

 
 DEC2—A genetic mutation that produces a short sleeping phenotype [11:00];
 What is the best position to sleep in? [22:45];
 Should you consider a “sleep divorce” with your partner? [27:00];
 The challenge of kids wanting to sleep in bed with their parents [28:45];
 Is there an ideal type of pillow? [32:30];
 Any data on hammock sleeping? Should adults be rocked to sleep like a baby? [34:45];
 The optimal room temperature and body temperature for the best sleep [38:30];
 Do humidifiers help? [50:40];
 How do high altitudes affect sleep? [53:15];
 What is the data on weighted blankets (e.g., the Gravity blanket)? [57:00];
 Caffeine—How much, and in what way, does it affect sleep? [58:15];
 How does sexual activity relate to sleep quality? [1:04:00];
 Should we be sleeping in two phases? First sleep & second sleep? [1:06:30];
 Napping—Is there ideal duration? Should we be napping or not? [1:08:30]; Advice for new parents dealing with sleep deprivation [1:12:00];
 Understanding your sleep chronotype [1:16:15];
 If you drink too much alcohol in a given night, is there anything you can do to make sure your sleep isn’t wrecked? [1:20:45];
 How postmenopausal women can manage their sleep problems with (and without) hormone replacement therapy [1:23:00];
 Could a daily practice of Wim Hof's breathing method help or hinder quality of sleep? [1:29:15];
 Why do some people paradoxically feel more tired the more they sleep? [1:31:15];
 Sleep apnea—How to know if you have it, the different types, the causes, and helpful resources [1:33:15];
 Is there such a thing called “sleep eating”? [1:45:00];
 If Matt was “sleep czar”, what changes would he make to society to improve sleep? [1:46:15];
 Catch up sleep: Explaining the difference between retrospective damage and prospective benefit [1:48:45];
 Does poor sleep really speed up the aging process? [1:50:30];
 Is medicated sleep better than no sleep? [1:53:00];
 Does vivid dreaming disrupt the sleep cycle? [1:56:45];
 Is there potential benefit to using “binaural beats” or some type of sound to induce better sleep? [1:57:45];
 How is sleep affected by fasting and time-restricted eating? [1:59:45];
 Is there any evidence that polyphasic sleep (e.g., "Uberman") works? [2:03:30]; and
 More. 
Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com/
 
 Show notes page for this episode: peterattiamd.com/matthewwalkerama2/
 
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#77 – AMA #2 with sleep expert, Matthew Walker, Ph.D.: short sleep mutants, optimal sleep environment, sleep apnea, & rapid fire questions

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Episode Description:
 
 
 
In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter and Bob first answer a variety of questions related to heart rate variability (HRV): what it means, why it matters, and how to measure, interpret, and potentially elevate it. Next, they dive deep into the topic of alcohol, beginning with a discussion on the negative impact that it can have on sleep. They then break down the confusing body of literature suggesting potential health benefits to moderate levels of drinking compared to complete abstinence and point out the limitations of these studies. Finally, they conclude by analyzing data on the impact of moderate and heavy drinking on the liver and on risk for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
 
 
 
Please note: this AMA is audio only. If you’re not a subscriber and listening on a podcast player, you’ll only be able to hear a preview of the AMA. If you’re a subscriber, you can now listen to this full episode on your private RSS feed or on our website at the AMA #31 show notes page. If you are not a subscriber, you can learn more about the subscriber benefits here.
 
 
 
We discuss:
 
 • What is heart rate variability (HRV), and why do we measure it? [2:10];
 • The association between low HRV and mortality risk [10:00];
 • What high and low HRV means and why athletes strive for a high HRV [15:30];
 • Factors that can raise or lower HRV [18:00];
 • How and when to measure HRV, and the best wearables [19:15];
 • Interpreting your personal HRV number and why there’s so much individual variation [23:15];
 • How Peter’s morning HRV reading impacts his decision to train [28:30];
 • Alcohol’s impact on sleep [31:30];
 • Metrics to track the impact of alcohol on your sleep [34:00];
 • Alcohol’s impact on the need to urinate during the night [39:00];
 • Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) [41:30];
 • Individual differences in the way people metabolize and react to alcohol consumption [44:15];
 • Analysis of epidemiology studies suggesting moderate alcohol consumption lowers mortality risk [52:00];
 • Alcohol consumption and Alzheimer’s disease [1:05:15];
 • Heavy alcohol consumption and risk of dementia [1:08:30];
 • Chronic effects of alcohol on the liver [1:17:45];
 • The relationship between alcohol, sleep, and automotive deaths [1:20:45]; and
 • More.
 
 
 
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#193 - AMA #31: Heart rate variability (HRV), alcohol, sleep, and more

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In this "Ask Me Anything" (AMA) episode, Peter dives deep into one of the most frequently discussed and often misunderstood topics: nutrition. From weight loss and maintenance to the intricate relationship between nutrition and exercise and body composition, Peter addresses the complexities of nutrition research and explores the perennial question of whether there is a "best diet." He provides practical insights on how to choose the right diet for your unique needs, discusses the role of protein and processed foods, and outlines the key questions to help you optimize your approach to eating.
 
If you’re not a subscriber and are listening on a podcast player, you’ll only be able to hear a preview of the AMA. If you’re a subscriber, you can now listen to this full episode on your private RSS feed or our website at the AMA #66 show notes page. If you are not a subscriber, you can learn more about the subscriber benefits here.
 
We discuss:
 
 • The key nutrition-related topics to be discussed [1:30];
 • Why Peter is not fond of discussing nutrition: limitations of nutrition research, the pitfalls of extreme certainty in dietary discussions, and the body's adaptability to varied diets [3:30];
 • Key health metrics to monitor to evaluate the effects of nutrition [9:30];
 • The relationship between nutrition and exercise as they relate to weight loss, maintenance, and gain [12:30];
 • How increased muscle mass from resistance training impacts calorie burn, body composition, glucose metabolism, and overall health benefits [19:45];
 • Comparing the impact of fitness and nutrition on lifespan and healthspan: data showing fitness to be a more significant predictor of mortality than nutrition [23:30];
 • The myth of a “best diet,” factors that determine the effectiveness of a diet, and data suggesting benefits of the Mediterranean diet [39:00];
 • How long to trial a new diet, the importance of measurable goals, and the appropriate timescales for observing meaningful changes [48:30];
 • The inherent challenges in nutrition research: variability in dietary exposures, limitations in study design, the body’s adaptive nature which dampen the effects, and more [51:15];
 • Nutritional approaches for chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes [58:45];
 • Emerging studies on dietary interventions for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) [1:02:45];
 • Practical considerations for individuals to identify the best diet for them: protein intake, energy balance, macronutrient adjustments, and micronutrient levels [1:06:00];
 • Understanding processed vs. ultra-processed foods [1:09:15];
 • The effects of ultra-processed foods on health [1:12:30];
 • Questions that someone should ask themselves if they’re looking to fine-tune their diet [1:18:15]; and
 • More.
 
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#328 - AMA #66: Optimizing nutrition for health and longevity: myth of a “best” diet, complexities of nutrition science, and practical steps for building a sustainable diet

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In this special episode of The Drive, Peter tackles a wide range of listener questions submitted over the past year. The discussion spans essential topics such as exercise—covering grip strength, traveling workouts, and why Peter doesn’t consider exercise an ideal weight-loss strategy—and the top biomarkers everyone should track. He also explores promising new longevity research, his evolving views on longevity, and frameworks like “objective, strategy, tactics” for personalized decision-making. The episode wraps up with insights on building good habits and a glimpse into Peter’s recent reading list.
 
If you’re not a subscriber and are listening on a podcast player, you’ll only be able to hear a preview of the AMA. If you’re a subscriber, you can now listen to this full episode on your private RSS feed or our website at the Special AMA show notes page. If you are not a subscriber, you can learn more about the subscriber benefits here.
 
We discuss:
 
 • Overview of episode topics (and Peter’s car stereo saga) [1:45];
 • The importance of grip strength and the best methods for training it effectively [3:45];
 • Exercise while traveling: strategies for staying active and maintaining an exercise routine [14:45];
 • Why women should prioritize strength training [18:00];
 • The limited role of exercise in weight loss and its greater importance in improving health, body composition, and insulin sensitivity [19:45];
 • The “top five most important biomarkers” for assessing health [22:45];
 • Promising developments in longevity research [28:15];
 • The development of Klotho as a neuroprotective drug: challenges, timelines of trials, and more [34:00];
 • Peter’s updated view on the potential of epigenome manipulation to restore aged cells to their youthful state [39:45];
 • How reversing age-related epigenetic changes in immune cells could revolutionize our approach to aging and disease [43:30];
 • The “objective, strategy, tactics” framework, and the importance prioritizing impactful lifestyle habits over less significant health trends [49:30];
 • Strategies for building and maintaining good habits [56:45];
 • How to think about drugs and supplements as part of a longevity toolkit [1:02:00];
 • Peter’s recent reading list [1:05:15]; and
 • More.
 
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#329 ‒ Special AMA: Peter on exercise, important labs, building good habits, promising longevity research, and more

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James Clear is the author of the New York Times bestseller Atomic Habits. His extensive research into human behavior has helped him identify key components of habit formation and develop the “Four Laws of Behavioral Change.” In this episode, James provides insights into how both good and bad habits are formed, including the influence of genetics, environment, social circles, and more. He points to changes one can make to cultivate more perseverance and discipline and describes the profound impact habits can have when tying them into one’s self-identity. Finally, James breaks down his “Four Laws of Behavioral Change” and how to use them to create new habits, undo bad habits, and make meaningful changes in one’s life.
 
We discuss:
 
 • Why James became deeply interested in habits [2:00];
 • Viewing habits through an evolutionary lens [6:15];
 • The power of immediate feedback for behavior change, and why we tend to repeat bad habits [9:30];
 • The role of genetics and innate predispositions in determining one’s work ethic and success in a given discipline [14:45];
 • How finding one’s passion can cultivate perseverance and discipline [23:30];
 • Advantages of creating systems and not just setting goals [29:30];
 • The power of habits combined with self-identity to induce change [36:45];
 • How a big environmental change or life event can bring on radical behavioral change [50:45];
 • The influence of one’s social environment on their habits [54:30];
 • How and why habits are formed [1:00:45];
 • How to make or break a habit with the “Four Laws of Behavior Change” [1:09:45];
 • Practical tips for successful behavioral change—the best strategies when starting out [1:16:30];
 • Self-forgiveness and getting back on track immediately after slipping up [1:30:45];
 • Law #1: Make it obvious—Strategies for identifying and creating cues to make and break habits [1:40:00];
 • Law #2: Make it attractive—examples of ways to make a new behavior more attractive [1:48:00];
 • Law #3: Make it easy—the 2-minute rule [1:59:00];
 • Law #4: Make it satisfying—rewards and reinforcement [2:03:45];
 • Advice for helping others to make behavioral changes [2:06:15]; and
 • More.
 
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Building & Changing Habits | James Clear (#183 rebroadcast)

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Trenna Sutcliffe is a developmental behavioral pediatrician and the founder and medical director of the Sutcliffe Clinic in the San Francisco Bay Area, where she partners with families to provide care for children facing behavioral challenges, developmental differences, and school struggles. In this episode, Trenna shares her journey into developmental and behavioral pediatrics, including her pioneering work at Stanford and her expertise in autism, ADHD, and anxiety—the "three As." She explores the diagnostic processes, the overlap and comorbidities of these conditions, and the importance of personalized treatment plans that address both medical and environmental factors. Trenna offers valuable insights into the changing prevalence of autism, the impact of evolving diagnostic criteria, and the range of therapies and medications available to support children and their families. She also discusses the challenges in accessing care and the critical need for a holistic approach that bridges healthcare and education.
 
We discuss:
 
 • Trenna’s passion for developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP), and the process of diagnosing anxiety, ADHD, and autism [3:15];
 • Understanding anxiety and ADHD: assessing impairment and self-esteem and identifying anxiety and emotional well-being in young patients [9:45];
 • The evolving diagnosis of autism: understanding the spectrum and individual needs [16:30];
 • The dramatic rise in autism spectrum disorder (ASD): genetics, environment, expanded diagnostic criteria, and more [25:45];
 • Exploring epigenetics and the potential multigenerational impact of environment exposures on susceptibility to certain disorders [37:15];
 • The evolution of autism classifications, and the particular challenges for children with level 1 (mild) autism due to a lack of support [41:15];
 • The broadening of the autism spectrum: benefits and risks of expanded diagnostic criteria and the need for future frameworks to focus on better outcomes [48:00];
 • The overlap between ASD, ADHD, and anxiety [57:15];
 • Understanding oppositional defiant disorder, and the importance of understanding the “why” behind a behavior when creating treatment plans [1:00:45];
 • Defining developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP), and Trenna’s professional journey [1:07:00];
 • Updated methods of ABA (applied behavioral analysis) therapy: evolution, controversies, challenges of scaling autism care, and the need for tailored interventions [1:13:45];
 • Advice for parents trying to find and evaluate care for children with autism, ADHD, or anxiety [1:22:45];
 Tailored treatments for ADHD: balancing stimulant medications with behavioral training [1:28:30]; • The interplay between medication, behavioral therapy, and neuroplasticity in managing ADHD, and the potential to grow out of the need for medication [1:39:45];
 • Using medication to treat anxiety and other symptoms in kids with autism without ADHD [1:44:45];
 • FAQs about medicating children with ADHD: benefits, side effects, dosage, and more [1:46:30];
 • The “superpowers” associated with level 1 autism [1:48:45];
 • The next steps to increase support for children with ASD, anxiety, and ADHD [1:50:45]; and
 • More.
 
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#330 – Autism, ADHD, and Anxiety: Understanding the rise in autism and a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment of each condition in children | Trenna Sutcliffe, M.D.

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Olav Aleksander Bu is an internationally renowned sports scientist acclaimed for his coaching prowess with elite athletes spanning a diverse range of sports disciplines. In this episode, Olav returns to dive deeper into his groundbreaking work as an endurance coach, exercise scientist, engineer, and physiologist. The discussion explores his data-driven approach to coaching, unpacking key performance metrics like functional threshold power, VO2 max, and lactate threshold, while emphasizing the importance of consistent testing protocols. Olav shares insights on how training methodologies differ across sports, the impact of nutrition on endurance performance, and the evolving strategies for carbohydrate metabolism in fueling athletes for races. Olav concludes with a discussion on the use of artificial intelligence for optimizing training insights and performance.
 
We discuss:
 
 • Olav’s unique, engineering-driven approach to endurance coaching [2:45];
 • Definitions and applications of key performance metrics: FTP, power, anaerobic threshold, and lactate threshold [4:45];
 • Lactate threshold: factors affecting lactate threshold, testing protocols, and how elite athletes' efficiency affects their performance and lactate profiles [14:15]
 • VO2 max: definition, testing, factors affecting its accuracy, and methods for optimizing oxygen utilization in elite athletes [22:15];
 • Testing VO2 max: common mistakes and key factors to consider—preparation, warm-up, timing, and more [34:00];
 • VO2 max testing continued: measuring instruments, testing protocols, and advanced insights gained from elite athletes [41:45];
 • The influence of supplements like beetroot concentrate and adaptogens on VO2 max and performance [49:45];
 • How respiratory quotient (RQ) reflects metabolic shifts during exercise, the challenges in measuring and interpreting RQ in elite athletes, and the physiological adaptations needed for prolonged endurance events [53:30];
 • Triathlon training: the challenge of maintaining elite performance across triathlon distances, metabolic efficiency, and swimming challenges [1:03:15];
 • How reducing drag in swimming could revolutionize performance and the role of biofeedback tools in optimizing efficiency across various endurance sports [1:07:00];
 • How endurance athletes prioritize effort regulation using RPE, heart rate, and power output, and the role of lactate in cardiac and athletic efficiency [1:20:00];
 • Lactate’s role as a fuel, buffering methods to combat lactic acidosis, and the variability in athlete response to bicarbonate supplementation [1:25:45];
 • The physiological mechanisms behind differences in performance between two elite athletes: lactate transport, cardiovascular efficiency, and compensatory systems [1:33:00];
 • Comparing interventions like acetaminophen to enhance performance in high-heat conditions versus natural adaptations to heat [1:37:15];
 • Advancements in nutrition science, changes in cyclist body composition, and the impact of fueling strategies on athletic performance and growth [1:39:30];
 • Optimizing endurance performance with utilization of carbohydrates, and the potential role of ketones [1:48:00];
 • Insights gained from elite performers in the 2020 and 2024 Olympics [1:58:30];
 • The use of artificial intelligence to optimizing training insights and performance [2:06:30]; and
 • More.
 
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#331 ‒ Optimizing endurance performance: metrics, nutrition, lactate, and more insights from elite performers | Olav Aleksander Bu (Pt. 2)

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In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter tackles a topic that's been dominating headlines and sparking widespread concern: microplastics and plastic-associated chemicals, including BPA, PFAS, and phthalates. Peter explores the science behind these substances including how and why they've become so prevalent, the extent of our exposure, and the potential risks to our health. Most importantly, he provides a practical framework for understanding microplastics and plastic-associated chemicals and minimizing exposure while distinguishing genuine risks from exaggerated concerns.
 
If you’re not a subscriber and are listening on a podcast player, you’ll only be able to hear a preview of the AMA. If you’re a subscriber, you can now listen to this full episode on your private RSS feed or our website at the AMA #67 show notes page. If you are not a subscriber, you can learn more about the subscriber benefits here.
 
We discuss:
 
 • The complexity of the topic of microplastics and associated chemicals [1:30];
 • Definitions: microplastics, BPA, PM2.5, phthalates, and more [6:30];
 • The reasons behind the increase in microplastics in our environment and the surge in interest in them [12:00];
 • The various ways that humans are exposed to microplastics and nanoplastics [14:00];
 • Volume of plastic consumed by humans, and how the body eliminates or absorbs microplastics [16:00];
 • How microplastics accumulate in the body, the variability in tissue accumulation, and the challenges in studying their long-term health effects [21:30];
 • Limitations of blood tests for microplastics, and the importance of reliable biomarkers for guiding behavior and interventions [26:30];
 • The speculative health risks of microplastics, the limitations of current research, and the need for more robust studies [29:15];
 • The challenges of measuring microplastics in human tissues, the need for better methodologies, and the importance of critically evaluating study relevance and claims [39:45];
 • If it’s unclear whether microplastics actually cause harm, should we still be concerned about exposure? [42:15];
 • Strategies to minimize microplastic exposure [45:00];
 • The financial cost and effort involved in various microplastic exposure mitigation strategies [51:00];
 • The role of airborne microplastics in total exposure and accumulation [1:03:00];
 • Chemicals associated with plastics, their role as endocrine disruptors, and the challenges in linking exposure to specific health outcomes [1:04:00];
 • BPAs: role in plastic production, and its potential developmental risks [1:05:45];
 • BPA's potential health risks: pregnancy, fertility, obesity, and diabetes, and the socioeconomic confounders in the data [1:08:30];
 • Regulatory limits on BPA exposure, and practical considerations for reducing exposure [1:12:45];
 • The prevalence of BPA in modern products and how to identify it [1:17:15];
 PFAS: chemical structure and purpose in products [1:18:30]; • Why PFAS are considered endocrine disruptors [1:19:45];
 • The main sources of PFAS exposure, and practical steps to reduce exposure [1:21:30];
 • The potential health risks of PFAS exposure [1:24:00];
 • Phthalates: role in making plastics flexible and presence in personal care products [1:24:45];
 • Why phthalates are considered endocrine disruptors [1:25:15];
 • The main sources of phthalate exposure, and how manufacturing practices are evolving to reduce exposure [1:26:45];
 • Practical strategies to reduce exposure to phthalates in food, air, water, and personal care products [1:28:30];
 • Navigating microplastics and associated chemicals: a framework for personalized risk reduction [1:29:30]; and
 • More.
 
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#332 - AMA #67: Microplastics, PFAS, and phthalates: understanding health risks and a framework for minimizing exposure and mitigating risk

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In this special episode of The Drive, Peter introduces a brand-new roundtable format. Joined by three renowned experts in longevity science—Steven Austad, Richard Miller, and Matt Kaeberlein—the group explores the rapidly evolving field of geroscience. Together, they dive deep into topics like the relationship between healthspan and lifespan, evaluating interventions like rapamycin and senolytics, the role of epigenetic changes in aging, and whether GLP-1 receptor agonists hold geroprotective potential. They also tackle major challenges in funding and public acceptance of longevity research including how geroprotective interventions might be tested in humans. Packed with nuanced debate, humor, and groundbreaking insights, this episode is a must-listen for anyone fascinated by the science of aging.
 
We discuss:
 
 • The recent rise in public interest in longevity, misconceptions, and the link between healthspan and lifespan [3:45];
 • Redefining healthspan, the US healthcare paradox, and separating longevity science from commercial hype [12:30];
 • The need to redirect medical research from disease-specific models to aging-focused approaches [21:30];
 • Proactive healthcare: rethinking health, disease, and the role of aging [30:00];
 • Biologic age versus chronologic age, and the limitations and potential of epigenetic clocks [35:00];
 • The utility and drawbacks of the “hallmarks of aging” as a framework for research and funding [49:30];
 • The role of epigenetic changes in aging and the challenges of proving causality [56:45];
 • The translational challenges of moving aging research from preclinical studies to human applications [1:03:45];
 • Distinguishing between a biomarker of aging and aging rate indicators [1:17:15];
 • The difficulties of translating longevity research in mice to humans, and the difficulties of testing interventions in humans [1:21:15];
 • Exercise, aging, and healthspan: does exercise slow aging? [1:35:45];
 • Are GLP-1 receptor agonists geroprotective beyond caloric restriction effects? [1:41:00];
 • The role of senescent cells in aging, challenges with reproducibility in studies, and differing views on the value of current research approaches [1:46:15];
 • How funding challenges and leadership in NIH and other institutes impact the advancement of aging-related research [2:00:15];
 • Metformin: geroprotective potential, mechanisms, and unanswered questions [2:02:30];
 • Canagliflozin and rapamycin as geroprotective molecules: mechanisms, dosing strategies, and longevity potential [2:10:45];
 • Resveratrol and NAD precursors—a lack of evidence for anti-aging effects [2:22:45];
 • The potential of parabiosis and plasmapheresis to slow aging, the challenges in translating mouse studies to humans, and possible design for human studies [2:29:45]; and
 • More.
 
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#333 ‒ Longevity roundtable — the science of aging, geroprotective molecules, lifestyle interventions, challenges in research, and more | Steven Austad, Matt Kaeberlein, Richard Miller

John Ioannidis is a physician, scientist, writer, and a Stanford University professor who studies scientific research itself, a process known as meta-research. In this episode, John discusses his staggering finding that the majority of published research is actually incorrect. Using nutritional epidemiology as the poster child for irreproducible findings, John describes at length the factors that play into these false positive results and offers numerous insights into how science can course correct. We discuss:
 • John’s background, and the synergy of mathematics, science, and medicine (2:40);
 • Why most published research findings are false (10:00);
 • The bending of data to reach ‘statistical significance,’ and the how bias impacts results (19:30);
 • The problem of power: How over- and under-powered studies lead to false positives (26:00);
 • Contrasting nutritional epidemiology with genetics research (31:00);
 • How to improve nutritional epidemiology and get more answers on efficacy (38:45);
 • How pre-existing beliefs impact science (52:30);
 • The antidote to questionable research practices infected with bias and bad incentive structures (1:03:45);
 • The different roles of public, private, and philanthropic sectors in funding high-risk research that asks the important questions (1:12:00);
 • Case studies demonstrating the challenge of epidemiology and how even the best studies can have major flaws (1:21:30);
 • Results of John’s study looking at the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and the resulting vitriol revealing the challenge of doing science in a hyper-politicized environment (1:31:00);
 • John’s excitement about the future (1:47:45); and
 • More.
 
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#143 - John Ioannidis, M.D., D.Sc.: Why most biomedical research is flawed, and how to improve it

Lyt når som helst, hvor som helst

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