Why Buying Into an IPO Is Usually the Worst Trade You Can Make

IPOs are having a major moment; SpaceX just had the biggest IPO in history, Anthropic and OpenAI are lining up next, and suddenly everyone's throwing this term around like they know what it means. Vivian breaks down what actually happens when a company goes public, whether the hype is ever worth it, and what SpaceX's rollercoaster can teach us about IPO investing.

1. What an IPO actually is: the process of a company going from private to public, why companies choose to do it (cashing out early investors, raising capital for growth, and the marketing splash), and what happens behind the scenes with underwriters, lock-up agreements, and IOIs before shares ever hit the market.

2. Why IPOs have been a losing bet since 2019: peak valuations from the 2020-2021 boom, the Fed's interest rate hikes squeezing growth stocks, and lower-quality companies going public and getting measured against mega-cap winners.

3. Should you actually buy one: how to think about risk (keep it to 2-5% of your portfolio), alternatives like IPO ETFs, and a look at other 2025 IPO stories — Bending Spoons, Shein's years-long path to going public, and the direct listing, SPAC, and reverse merger routes companies take instead.

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