Extra: What Is Sportswashing — and Does It Work? (Update)

In ancient Rome, it was bread and circuses. Today, it’s a World Cup, an Olympics, and a new Saudi-backed golf league that’s challenging the PGA Tour. Can a sporting event really repair a country’s reputation — or will it trigger the dreaded Streisand Effect? Also: why the major U.S. sports leagues are warming up to the idea of foreign investment.

SOURCES:Jodi Balsam • , professor of clinical law at Brooklyn Law School. Brandel Chamblee • , Golf Channel analyst. Karen Crouse • , sports journalist. Bomani Jones • , sports journalist. Victor Matheson • , professor of economics at the College of the Holy Cross. Alan Shipnuck • , sports journalist.

RESOURCES: • " The New N.F.L. Owners? • " by Lauren Hirsch, Kevin Draper, Michael J. de la Merced and Sarah Kessler ( The New York Times, • 2024). • " PGA Tour Raises $1.5 Billion From Group of U.S. Investors • ," by Lauren Hirsch ( The New York Times, • 2024). • " PGA Tour, LIV Golf Agree to Merge • ," by Andrew Beaton and Louise Radnofsky ( The Wall Street Journal, • 2023). Phil: The Rip-Roaring (and Unauthorized!) Biography of Golf's Most Colorful Superstar • , by Alan Shipnuck (2022). • " Dustin Johnson Paid £100m to Perform Late U-Turn and Join Saudi-Backed Rebel Series • ," by By James Corrigan and Tom Morgan ( The Telegraph • , 2022). • " Russia Was the Hottest Place in Sports. Now It’s Frozen Out • ," by Joshua Robinson, Ben Cohen, and Louise Radnofsky ( The Wall Street Journal • , 2022). • " Could This Be the Year ‘Sportwashing’ Backfires? • " by Andrés Martinez ( The Los Angeles Times • , 2022). • " The Truth About Phil and Saudi Arabia • ," by Alan Shipnuck (The Fire Pit Collective, 2022). The New Yale Book of Quotations • , by Fred Shapiro (2021). • " The Surprising Reason That There Are So Many Thai Restaurants in America • ," by Myles Karp ( Vice • , 2018).

EXTRAS: • " Greg Norman Takes On the P.G.A. Tour • ," by People I (Mostly) Admire • (2023).

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