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Scholars examine the activist efforts of Black Americans in Memphis in a series of essays ranging from the Reconstruction era to the twenty-first century.

In An Unseen Light: Black Struggles for Freedom in Memphis, Tennessee, eminent and rising scholars present a multidisciplinary examination of African American activism in Memphis from the dawn of emancipation to the twenty-first century. Together, they investigate episodes such as the 1940 “Reign of Terror” when Black Memphians experienced a prolonged campaign of harassment, mass arrests, and violence at the hands of police. They also examine topics including the relationship between the labor and civil rights movements, the fight for economic advancement in Black communities, and the impact of music on the city’s culture. Covering subjects as diverse as politics, sports, music, activism, and religion, An Unseen Light illuminates Memphis’s place in the long history of the struggle for African American freedom and human dignity.

Praise for Unseen Light

“From the aftermath of the post-Civil War race massacre to continuous violence, murder, and bitter confrontations into the twenty-first century, contributors illuminate An Unseen Light on those Black Memphians forging lives nonetheless, through negotiation, protest, music, accommodation, prayer, faith and sometimes sheer stubbornness . . . . Scholars intellectually and personally invested in the city as a site of family and community, and career, bring an unequivocal depth of understanding and richness about place and belonging that textures the pages with life, from the church pews, the music studios, or the myriad of social or political organizations, to the land itself, adding more layers to underscore how black lives have mattered in the historical grassroots building of the nation. This is thoughtful and beautiful work.” —Françoise Hamlin, author of Crossroads at Clarksdale: The Black Freedom Struggle After World War II

“This rich collection covers a broad range of topics pertaining to the African American freedom struggle in Memphis, Tennessee. One of its greatest strengths is the breadth of the essays, which span a long period from the end of the Civil War to the twenty-first century. An Unseen Light is a valuable addition to civil rights scholarship.” —Cynthia Griggs Fleming, author of Yes We Did?: From King's Dream to Obama's Promise

“The collection did an excellent job in explaining the inner workings of Memphis . . . . The works highlighted the past actions, organizing and insurgency which created the dynamics of racism, classism, social, and political power seen in modern Memphis. I recommend this collection to those interested in the shaping of a large southern city. I also recommend to new and lifelong Memphians to provide a blueprint of the historical legacy of Memphis and how this legacy continues to impact the lives of African Americans.” —Tennessee Libraries

The University Press of Kentucky

Civil Rights and the Struggle for Black Equality in the Twentieth Century

An Unseen Light: Black Struggles for Freedom in Memphis, Tennessee

Sara Rzeszutek Haviland

This dual biography “examines the ideas and activism of two of the most committed and significant freedom fighters in twentieth-century America” (Erik Gellman, author of Death Blow to Jim Crow).

Growing up in Virginia during the Great Depression, James E. Jackson and Esther Cooper Jackson understood that opportunities came differently for blacks and whites, men and women, rich and poor. They devoted their lives to the black freedom movement and saw a path to racial equality through the Communist Party. This political affiliation would come to define not only their activism but also the course of their marriage as the Cold War years unfolded.

In this dual biography, Sara Rzeszutek examines the couple's political involvement as well as the evolution of their personal and public lives in the face of ever-shifting contexts. She documents the Jacksons' contributions to the early civil rights movement, discussing their time leading the Southern Negro Youth Congress, which laid the groundwork for youth activists in the 1960s; their writings in periodicals such as Political Affairs; and their editorial involvement in The Worker and the civil rights magazine Freedomways.

Drawing upon correspondence, organizational literature, and interviews with the Jacksons themselves, Haviland presents a portrait of a remarkable pair who lived during a transformative period of American history. Their story offers a vital narrative of persistence, love, and activism across the long arc of the black freedom movement.

James and Esther Cooper Jackson: Love and Courage in the Black Freedom Movement

Lisa Anderson Todd

In this detailed memoir of political action, a civil rights volunteer recounts her experience with the MFDP during 1964’s Freedom Summer.

During the summer of 1964, hundreds of American college students descended on Mississippi to help the state's African American citizens register to vote. Student organizers, volunteers, and community members canvassed black neighborhoods to organize the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, a group that sought to give a voice to black Mississippians despite the terror and intimidation they faced.

In For a Voice and the Vote, author Lisa Anderson Todd gives a fascinating insider's account of her experience volunteering in Greenville, Mississippi, when she participated in organizing the MFDP. The party provided political education, ran candidates for office, and offered participation in local and statewide meetings for blacks who were denied the vote.

For Todd, it was an exciting, dangerous, and life-changing experience. Offering the first full account of the group's five days in Atlantic City, the book draws on primary sources, oral histories, and the author's personal interviews of individuals who were supporters of the MFDP in 1964.

For a Voice and the Vote: My Journey with the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Darryl Mace

This provocative study explores how media coverage of Emmett Till’s murder influences regional reactions and reignited the Civil Rights movement.

On August 28, 1955, fourteen-year-old Chicago native Emmett Till was brutally beaten to death for allegedly flirting with a white woman at a grocery store in Money, Mississippi. Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam were acquitted of Till’s murder—then admitted to the crime in an interview with the national media. They were never convicted.

Although Till's body was mutilated, his mother ordered that his casket remain open so that the country could observe the results of racially motivated violence in the Deep South. Media attention fanned the flames of regional tension and impelled many individuals—including Rosa Parks—to become vocal activists for racial equality.

In this innovative study, Darryl Mace explores media coverage of Till's murder and analyses its influence on the regional and racial perspectives. He investigates the portrayal of the trial in popular and black newspapers across the South, documents posttrial reactions, and examines Till's memorialization in the press to highlight the media's role in shaping opinions.

In Remembrance of Emmett Till: Regional Stories and Media Responses to the Black Freedom Struggle

Jenny Woodley

A study of the NAACP’s activism in the cultural realm through creative projects from 1910 to the 1960s.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is the nation’s oldest civil rights organization, having dedicated itself to the fight for racial equality since 1909. While the group helped achieve substantial victories in the courtroom, the struggle for civil rights extended beyond gaining political support. It also required changing social attitudes. The NAACP thus worked to alter existing prejudices through the production of art that countered racist depictions of African Americans, focusing its efforts not only on changing the attitudes of the White middle class but also on encouraging racial pride and a sense of identity in the Black community.

Art for Equality explores an important and little-studied side of the NAACP’s activism in the cultural realm. In openly supporting African American artists, writers, and musicians in their creative endeavors, the organization aimed to change the way the public viewed the Black community. By overcoming stereotypes and the belief of the majority that African Americans were physically, intellectually, and morally inferior to Whites, the NAACP believed it could begin to defeat racism.

Illuminating important protests, from the fight against the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation to the production of anti-lynching art during the Harlem Renaissance, this insightful volume examines the successes and failures of the NAACP’s cultural campaign from 1910 to the 1960s. Exploring the roles of gender and class in shaping the association's patronage of the arts, Art for Equality offers an in-depth analysis of the social and cultural climate during a time of radical change in America.

Praise for Art for Equality

“A well-conceived and well-executed study that will add significantly to the historiography of the NAACP, the long civil rights movement, and African American history.” —John Kirk, George W. Donaghey Professor and Chair of the History Department at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock

“In this insightful book, Woodley writes with great verve and confidence. As a result, Art for Equality will attract readers in a variety of fields from African American history to art history to American political history.” —Matthew Pratt Guterl, Brown University

“A necessary contribution to African American social and cultural histories.” —Journal of Southern History

Art for Equality: The NAACP's Cultural Campaign for Civil Rights

Robert H. Zieger

The definitive collection of speeches and writings by the labor leader, civil rights activist and founder of The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.

In 1925, A. Philip Randolph became the first president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, America’s first majority-Black labor union. It was a major achievement in a life dedicated to the causes of civil and workers’ rights. A leading voice in the struggle for social justice, his powerful words served as a bridge between African Americans and the labor movement.

This volume documents Randolph's life and work through his own writings. It includes more than seventy published and unpublished pieces drawn from libraries, manuscript collections, and newspapers. The book is organized thematically around Randolph’s most significant activities: dismantling workplace inequality, expanding civil rights, confronting racial segregation, and building international coalitions.

The editors provide a detailed biographical essay that helps to situate the speeches and writings collected in the book. In the absence of an autobiography, this volume offers the best available presentation of Randolph's ideas and arguments in his own words.

For Jobs and Freedom: Race and Labor in America Since 1865

Simon Henderson

A sociologist and oral historian explores the interwoven histories of sports and civil rights activism in this extensively researched volume.

In 1968, noted sociologist Harry Edwards established the Olympic Project for Human Rights, calling for a boycott of that year's games in Mexico City as a demonstration against racial discrimination. Though the boycott never materialized, Edwards's ideas struck a chord with athletes and incited African American Olympians Tommie Smith and John Carlos to protest by raising their black-gloved fists on the podium after receiving their medals.

Sidelined draws upon a wide range of historical materials and more than forty oral histories with athletes and administrators to explore how the black athletic revolt used professional and college sports to promote the struggle for civil rights in the late 1960s. By examining activists' successes and failures in promoting racial equality on one of the most public stages in the world, Henderson sheds new light on an often-overlooked subject and gives voice to those who fought for civil rights both on the field and off.

Sidelined: How American Sports Challenged the Black Freedom Struggle

Sue [Lorenzi] Sojourner

Cheryl Reitan

A veteran of the civil right movement recounts the events of Freedom Summer in Mississippi through oral histories, personal reflections and photos.

The world's eyes were on Mississippi during the summer of 1964, when civil rights activists launched an ambitious African American voter registration project and were met with violent resistance from white supremacists. Sue Sojourner and her husband arrived in Holmes County, Mississippi, in the wake of this historic time, known as Freedom Summer.

From September 1964 until her departure from the state in 1969, Sojourner collected an incredible number of documents, oral histories, and photographs chronicling the dramatic events she witnessed. In Thunder of Freedom, written with Cheryl Reitan, Sojourner presents a fascinating account of one of the civil rights movement's most active and broad-based community organizing operations in the South.

Sojourner shares her personal experiences as well as insights into race relations in the 1960s South, providing a unique look at the struggle for rights and equality in Mississippi. Illustrated with selections from Sojourner's acclaimed catalog of photographs, this profound book tells the powerful, often intimate stories of ordinary people who accomplished extraordinary things.

Thunder of Freedom: Black Leadership and the Transformation of 1960s Mississippi

Tracy E. K'Meyer

A noted civil rights historian examines Louisville as a cultural border city where the black freedom struggle combined northern and southern tactics.

Situated on the banks of the Ohio River, Louisville, Kentucky, represents a cultural and geographical intersection of North and South. This border identity has shaped the city’s race relations throughout its history. Louisville's black citizens did not face entrenched restrictions against voting and civic engagement, yet the city still bore the marks of Jim Crow segregation in public accommodations.

In response to Louisville's unique blend of racial problems, activists employed northern models of voter mobilization and lobbying, as well as methods of civil disobedience usually seen in the South. They also crossed traditional barriers between the movements for racial and economic justice to unite in common action.

In Civil Rights in the Gateway to the South, Tracy E. K'Meyer provides a groundbreaking analysis of Louisville's uniquely hybrid approach to the civil rights movement. Defining a border as a space where historical patterns and social concerns overlap, K'Meyer argues that broad coalitions of Louisvillians waged long-term, interconnected battles for social justice.

“The definitive book on the city’s civil rights history.” —Louisville Courier-Journal

Civil Rights in the Gateway to the South: Louisville, Kentucky, 1945–1980

Troy Jackson

This biography sheds new light on King’s development as a civil rights leader in Montgomery among activists such as Rosa Parks, E.D. Nixon, and others.
 
 In Becoming King, Troy Jackson demonstrates how Martin Luther King's early years as a pastor and activist in Montgomery, Alabama, helped shape his identity as a civil rights leader. Using the sharp lens of Montgomery's struggle for racial equality to investigate King's burgeoning leadership, Jackson explores King's ability to connect with people across racial and class divides. In particular, Jackson highlights King's alliances with Jo Ann Robinson, a young English professor at Alabama State University; E. D. Nixon, a middle-aged Pullman porter and head of the local NAACP chapter; and Virginia Durr, a courageous white woman who bailed Rosa Parks out of jail.
 
 Drawing on countless interviews and archival sources, Jackson offers a comprehensive analysis of King’s speeches before, during, and after the Montgomery bus boycott. He demonstrates how King's voice and message evolved to reflect the shared struggles, challenges, experiences, and hopes of the people with whom he worked. Jackson also reveals the internal discord that threatened the movement's hard-won momentum and compelled King to position himself as a national figure, rising above the quarrels to focus on greater goals.

Civil Rights and the Struggle for Black Equality in the Twentieth Century - Bogserien

Civil Rights and the Struggle for Black Equality in the Twentieth Century - Bogserien

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