Based on his latest book — Mama’s Last Hug: Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us about Ourselves — the legendary biologist and primatologist Frans de Waal continues his empirical and theoretical work on animal societies, politics, intelligence, sentience, consciousness and, now, feelings and emotions. In this conversation Dr. de Waal and Dr. Shermer discuss: • the difference between feelings and emotions • the problem of “other minds” (how do we know what other people, much less animals, are thinking and feeling?) • why it took a century since Darwin’s book on the evolution of animal and human emotions before scientists took up the mantle • the push back from social scientists that Paul Ekman and other scientists, including de Waal, got for suggesting emotions evolved • A.I. and emotions (can we program feelings into robots?) • the six different emotions and why there are very probably more • the nature/nurture debate in the study of emotions • primate politics in U.S. elections: a biologist analyzes the Trump-Clinton debate #2 • is Trump an alpha male or a bully? • the difference between sentience and consciousness • animal rights and the future of factory farming. Listen to Science Salon via iTunes, Spotify, Google Play Music, Stitcher, iHeartRadio, TuneIn, and Soundcloud. This Science Salon was recorded on February 12, 2019. You play a vital part in our commitment to promote science and reason. If you enjoy the Science Salon Podcast, please show your support by making a donation, or by becoming a patron.