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N2K Networks

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing from N2K CyberWire is your source for understanding the critical security connections between space and Earth, linking the technologies, policies, and organizations shaping non-terrestrial networks and the expanded attack surface.Each week, we cover space and cyber developments that bridge technology, commerce, and innovation. We are the cybersecurity industry’s source for understanding how space-based infrastructure reshapes digital networks, risk, and resilience globally.T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing publishes every Sunday alongside the free Signals and Space newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space.

T-Minus Space Daily

Though spacecraft are important, space cybersecurity extends well beyond these assets touching ground stations, mission-control assets, and other critical components.

Host Maria Varmazis speaks with Milenk Starcevic, cybersecurity lead at Vision Space, and Andrzej “Andy” Olchawa, a space-focused offensive security professional, about the broader space cybersecurity attack surface. By considering all aspects of a space mission, both in orbit and on the ground, cybersecurity professionals can better understand where vulnerabilities exist and what measures can be taken to reduce risk.

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Key Sources:

 The Spacecraft Hacker's Handbook.

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠N2K⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.
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Space cybersecurity starts on the ground.

Space infrastructure has become an increasingly important part of everyday life, which has also made it an increasingly attractive target for exploitation.

Host Maria Varmazis and Sean MacKirdy, Area Vice President for the National Security vertical at Elastic Government Solutions, sit down to discuss how space stakeholders need to reevaluate their approach to securing space systems. As space systems continue to grow more important, malicious actors are going to look to target them more often. By adopting a stronger universal framework and a consistent way to interpret data across all spacecraft, space cybersecurity practitioners will be able to standardize their practices and create more effective and timely responses.

Key Sources:

 SPARTA v4.0

 Maria Varmazis interviews Brandon Bailey about Space Attack Research and Tactic Analysis, or SPARTA matrix.

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠N2K⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Defending Space as Critical Infrastructure.

As space becomes increasingly connected and autonomous, effective cybersecurity policy is struggling to keep pace.

Host Maria Varmazis and ⁠⁠⁠Dr. Mac McGuire sit down to discuss the limitations of current approaches for managing space cyber risks and what the industry is lacking. The two discuss how the space incidents have the potential to significantly impact astronauts by disrupting oxygen systems, thermal regulation, and telemetry.

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠N2K⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Space's cybersecurity policy problem.

The accurate timing data from spacecraft has become an invaluable tool for nearly every critical infrastructure sector and a greater target for malicious actors.

Host Maria Varmazis and ⁠Andy Davis⁠, Global Research Director at the NCC Group, discuss the importance of timing in space. The two look at how timing systems have continued to grow more important in everyday life and why attackers have begun to increasingly exploit these critical services.

Key sources:

 GPS: A backbone for critical infrastructure.

 Spoofing ships, jamming drones: how GPS manipulation confuses and compromises.

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠N2K⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When hackers control the clock.

Despite the space sector's consistent growth and greater importance as a critical infrastructure sector, finding cybersecurity talent is still proving to be a challenge.

Host Maria Varmazis and Nick Cohen, Principal Engineer at the Aerospace Corporation, sat down to discuss the current state of space's cybersecurity workforce. The two look at how the existing workforce is not large enough to effectively cover the industry and its infrastructure and how solutions like the Aerospace Village at DEF CON 34 have been aiming to address expertise shortcomings.

Key sources:

 The SPARTA Framework

 SpaceCOP

 SpaceTrail

 StarPWN

 The Aerospace Village

 SPARTA 4.0 Debut

 Experience the convergence of space and cyber threats at DEF CON 34

 SPARTA v4.0 — Breaking New Ground

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space⁠⁠⁠⁠

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to ⁠⁠⁠⁠space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P ⁠⁠⁠⁠

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. ⁠⁠⁠⁠N2K⁠⁠⁠⁠ is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at ⁠⁠⁠⁠n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Closing the space-cyber workforce gap.

As space infrastructure has continued to expand, developing secure space systems has become just as important as launching the spacecraft themselves.

In this week's episode, host Maria Varmazis sits down with Filip Rezabek, co-founder and CTO of Space Computer, to talk about some of the technologies being created to secure space infrastructure in orbit. The two discuss the importance of establishing a chain of trust in space and the challenges of securing hardware against supply chain attacks.

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: ⁠⁠⁠https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space⁠⁠⁠

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to ⁠⁠⁠space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P ⁠⁠⁠

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. ⁠⁠⁠N2K⁠⁠⁠ is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at ⁠⁠⁠n2k.com⁠⁠⁠.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Building a secure space internet.

As AI products proliferate, they continue to introduce new concerns, which have subtly eroded trust in imagery and content created by space-based infrastructure.

In this week's episode, host Maria Varmazis sits down with ⁠⁠⁠Dave Bittner and Brandon Karpf to look at Google's troubled implementation of Nano Banana 2 in Google Earth. The incident raises larger concerns regarding how AI systems are becoming deeper ingrained into everyday life despite their ability to be misused and spread misinformation.

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: ⁠⁠https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space⁠⁠

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to ⁠⁠space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: ⁠⁠https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P ⁠⁠

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. ⁠⁠N2K⁠⁠ is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at ⁠⁠n2k.com⁠⁠.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AI, misinformation, and the future of cybersecurity.

As commercial space activity accelerates, satellite manufacturers are rethinking how spacecraft are designed, built, and secured.

In this week's episode, host Maria Varmazis sits down with Jason Roberson, an Industry Value Expert for Aerospace & Defense at Dassault Systems, to discuss how AI, automation, and digital engineering are transforming the space industry's product lifecycle. From digital twins and AI-assisted design to the future of in-space maintenance, Jason explores how these technologies are accelerating innovation while reshaping manufacturing. At the same time, the conversation examines the growing cybersecurity challenges that accompany this transformation and why building secure-by-design principles into space systems will be critical.

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space⁠

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to ⁠space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: ⁠https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P ⁠

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. ⁠N2K⁠ is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at ⁠n2k.com⁠.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Designing space systems for the AI era.

As the space ecosystem continues to expand, the sector has become increasingly filled with new suppliers, manufacturers, and operators. However, while this development has led to the introduction of new technologies, it has also greatly expanded space's cyberattack surface.

In this week's episode, host Maria Varmazis sits down with Jen Sovada, General Manager of Public Sector at Claroty. During the conversation, the two explore how vulnerabilities within the space supply chain can impact mission assurance. They discuss how the expanding space supply chain ecosystem has expanded the attack surface.

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P 

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. N2K is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at n2k.com.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The hidden risks in space supply chains.

As space becomes an increasingly important part of global communications, national security, and critical infrastructure, European governments are confronting a difficulty: How much control do they need over their own space capabilities?

In this week’s episode, host Maria Varmazis sits down with producer Ethan Cook⁠⁠⁠ to examine the growing push for European space sovereignty and the challenges standing in the way. The conversation explores how supply-chain dependencies can undermine national and regional independence, even when satellites and launch systems are built domestically. Additionally, the two also discuss the trade-offs between complete self-sufficiency and maintaining resilient, diversified international partnerships. 

Key sources:

 Cyber Without Borders: Inside NATO’s Cyber Coalition.

 NATO's overarching space policy.

Like what you heard? Be sure to subscribe to our free Signals and Space Briefing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, our Sunday newsletter covering the intersection of cybersecurity and space. Subscribe at: https://thecyberwire.com/newsletters/signals-and-space

Is there a topic or person you’d like to hear on our show? You can send your questions and feedback to space@n2k.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. You can also fill our our audience survey: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/NJYCN2P

T-Minus: Space-Cyber Briefing is a production of N2K CyberWire. N2K is your nexus for discovery and connection for people, technology, and ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how at n2k.com.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How sovereign is Europe's space industry?

Dr. Sian “Leo” Proctor was the keynote speaker at SpaceCom 2025. We caught up with the Inspiration4 astronaut to find out about her journey into space and how it inspires her art here on Earth.

You can find out more about Dr. Proctor on her website.

T-Minus Space will be at SpaceCom 2026 https://www.spacecomexpo.com/. Email us at space@n2k.com to arrange a time to chat with us.

Remember to leave us a 5-star rating and review in your favorite podcast app.

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T-Minus is a production of N2K Networks, your source for strategic workforce intelligence. © N2K Networks, Inc.

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Inspiration4 with Dr. Sian “Leo” Proctor.

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