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Lyt når som helst, hvor som helst 

Lex Fridman

Conversations that explore technology, history, philosophy, physics, mathematics, biology, chemistry, engineering, AI, robotics, programming, music, film, art, sports, psychology, neuroscience, geopolitics, business, economics, religion, astronomy, and the human condition with people from all walks of life.

Lex Fridman Podcast

Andrew Scull is a historian of psychiatry.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep502-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/andrew-scull-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Andrew’s Website (UCSD faculty page): https://sociology.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/emeritus/andrew-scull.html

Desperate Remedies (book): https://amzn.to/4vmBquI

Madness in Civilization (book): https://amzn.to/3SZhd0I

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.

Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex

Fin: AI agent for customer service.

Go to https://fin.ai/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.

Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(01:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:10) – Crisis in Psychiatry

(37:48) – Categories of Mental Illness

(45:07) – Asylums, Eugenics, and the Nazis

(57:13) – The Ice Pick Lobotomy

(1:03:26) – Malaria “Cure” for Syphilis

(1:21:42) – Insulin Coma Therapy

(1:29:34) – Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

(1:49:03) – One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest

(2:06:35) – Freud and Psychoanalysis

(2:36:30) – WWII and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

(2:57:04) – Antipsychotics

(3:20:24) – Antidepressants

(3:33:18) – Future of Psychiatry

PODCAST LINKS:

– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast

– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr

– Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8

– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/

– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4

– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#502 – Psychiatry, Insane Asylums, Mental Illness, ECT, Lobotomies, Freud & Jung

DHH is the creator of Ruby on Rails, Omarchy Linux, CTO of 37signals, and a racecar driver.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep501-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/dhh-2-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

DHH’s X: https://x.com/dhh

DHH’s Blog: https://world.hey.com/dhh

Omarchy: https://omarchy.org

Ruby on Rails: https://rubyonrails.org

37signals: https://37signals.com

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.

Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex

Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.

Go to https://blitzy.com/lex

NetSuite: Business management software.

Go to http://netsuite.ai/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software.

Go to https://plaud.ai/lex

Higgsfield AI: AI-based video generation, filmmaking, and creative studio.

Go to https://higgsfield.ai

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(01:14) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:56) – Programming with AI agents

(24:14) – How software will change

(33:30) – AI impact on open source

(43:21) – Building Omarchy Linux distro

(53:05) – Vibe coding vs agentic engineering

(1:06:06) – The end of manual programming

(1:16:24) – Advice for programmers

(1:28:31) – Surviving Internet Hate

(1:37:46) – Programming setup for AI Agents

(1:50:11) – Obsessing about speed

(2:13:06) – Voice prompting vs typing

(2:27:05) – Best AI coding models

(2:43:55) – Best AI coding harnesses

(2:56:57) – AI video generation and filmmaking

(3:16:28) – Fatherhood

(3:44:35) – Linux will win the desktop

(3:55:51) – PewDiePie

(4:05:25) – Future of programming

(4:28:18) – Politics and immigration

(4:59:55) – Longevity, over-optimization, and fear of death

(5:11:38) – Eternal recurrence and future of human civization

#501 – DHH: Future of Programming, AI, Agentic Engineering, Vibe Coding & Linux

Khabib Nurmagomedov is one of the greatest fighters of all time, who retired from the UFC undefeated with a perfect 29-0 record. We did this conversation entirely in Russian. It’s translated and dubbed into English. Both language audio tracks (and subtitles) are available on YouTube. Here, only the English audio is available. We worked hard to make it enjoyable to listen to, by carefully dubbing the translation using voice-cloning, as we’ve done for previous foreign-language podcasts.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep500-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/khabib-nurmagomedov-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Khabib’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/khabib_nurmagomedov/

Khabib’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@KhabibTheEagle

Khabib’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/KhabibTheEagle/

Khabib’s X: https://x.com/TeamKhabib

Khabib’s Telegram: https://t.me/khabib_nurmagomedov

Khabib’s Website: https://khabib.com

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.

Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.

Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(01:29) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:24) – Why Dagestan produces so many great fighters

(18:31) – History of Dagestan warrior culture

(27:51) – Hard training in the mountains of Dagestan

(31:42) – The trap of fame, money, and power

(42:23) – The key to Khabib’s dominance

(53:36) – Discipline and hard work

(1:06:04) – Street fights in Dagestan

(1:19:45) – Khabib’s top pressure

(1:25:29) – Khabib vs Conor McGregor

(1:38:14) – Khabib’s toughest fight

(1:46:02) – Greatest MMA fighters of all time

(2:03:46) – Coaching

(2:09:19) – Daniel Cormier

(2:13:38) – Islam Makhachev

(2:23:35) – Dana White

(2:27:05) – Joe Rogan

(2:29:20) – Ali Abdelaziz

(2:31:57) – Football

(2:39:12) – Messi vs Ronaldo

(2:57:12) – Dubai

(3:01:03) – God

(3:08:46) – Advice for young people

#500 – Khabib Nurmagomedov: Dagestan, MMA, UFC, Islam, Conor, Fedor & Football

Gary Gallagher is a historian of the American Civil War.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep499-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/gary-gallagher-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Gary’s UVA page: https://history.virginia.edu/people/gary-w-gallagher

Gary’s Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_W._Gallagher

The Confederate War (book): https://amzn.to/4yletel

The Union War (book): https://amzn.to/3QT1jED

Lee and His Generals in War and Memory (book): https://amzn.to/4fdrbD5

Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten (book): https://amzn.to/4wFxk1X

The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History (book): https://amzn.to/4vsAogU

The Great Courses – The American Civil War: https://bit.ly/4gDX3mQ

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers.

Go to https://upwork.com/lex

NetSuite: Business management software.

Go to http://netsuite.ai/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.

Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software.

Go to https://plaud.ai/lex

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(00:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:36) – What caused the Civil War?

(18:33) – Slavery

(46:07) – Lincoln

(1:01:03) – Grant vs Lee

(1:09:57) – Could the Civil War have been avoided?

(1:19:23) – The bloodiest war in US history

(1:36:31) – How the Confederate Army could’ve won

(1:57:05) – Key battles of the Civil War

(2:20:07) – Best and Worst Presidents

(2:34:06) – Robert E. Lee

(2:53:40) – The most important battle of the Civil War

(3:03:51) – The final showdown of the Civil War – Grant vs Lee

(3:26:10) – Lost Cause and Confederate Monuments

(3:43:37) – Extreme political division in US

#499 – Gary Gallagher: American Civil War, Slavery, Lincoln, Grant & Lee

Anthony Kaldellis is a historian of the Roman Empire and author of “The New Roman Empire”, a comprehensive history of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep498-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/anthony-kaldellis-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Anthony’s Books: https://amzn.to/49AX7Q1

Anthony’s Publications: https://kaldellispublications.weebly.com

Anthony’s University of Chicago page: https://classics.uchicago.edu/people/anthony-kaldellis

The New Roman Empire (book): https://amzn.to/3PTFTqk

Streams of Gold (book): https://amzn.to/4fgRMRq

Byzantium & Friends Podcast: https://byzantiumandfriends.podbean.com/

The History of Byzantium Podcast: https://thehistoryofbyzantium.com/

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers.

Go to https://upwork.com/lex

Fin: AI agent for customer service.

Go to https://fin.ai/lex

BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.

Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(00:11) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:45) – The Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire

(12:42) – 2,200 Years of Roman History

(33:06) – Power, violence, and civil war

(54:20) – Edict of Caracalla

(1:07:17) – Crisis of the Third Century

(1:21:45) – Constantine and the new Roman Empire

(1:33:46) – Christianity in the Roman Empire

(1:59:14) – Fall of the Western Roman Empire

(2:12:11) – Eunuchs, Taxes, and Power

(2:37:17) – Emperor Justinian and wars of conquest

(2:54:19) – The Arab conquests

(3:13:55) – Why the Roman empire survived so long

(3:40:01) – Lessons from history

PODCAST LINKS:

– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast

– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr

– Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8

– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/

– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4

– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#498 – Anthony Kaldellis: Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Rise & Fall of Empires

Don Lincoln is a particle physicist at Fermilab who has spent decades working at the frontiers of high energy physics.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep497-sc

See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Don’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/Dr.Don.Lincoln/

Don’s Website: https://drdonlincoln.com/

Don’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4nHeNiF

Don’s YouTube Playlist: https://bit.ly/3PCIW67

Don’s X: https://x.com/DrDonLincoln

Don’s Books: https://amzn.to/4uYbkOZ

Don’s Great Courses: https://shop.thegreatcourses.com/don-lincoln

Don’s Audible: https://adbl.co/4wGioRV

Fermilab’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/fermilab

Fermilab’s Website: https://www.fnal.gov/

Fermilab’s X: https://x.com/fermilab

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers.

Go to https://upwork.com/lex

Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.

Go to https://larridin.com

Fin: AI agent for customer service.

Go to https://fin.ai/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(00:34) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:52) – Unifying the laws of nature

(23:23) – Einstein, special relativity, and general relativity

(40:31) – Electroweak force

(52:13) – How particle colliders work

(1:10:16) – Higgs boson discovery

(1:20:35) – Theory of everything

(1:50:20) – Physics of empty space

(1:57:45) – Antimatter

(2:18:35) – Dark energy

(2:22:23) – Dark matter

(2:50:59) – Future of physics

PODCAST LINKS:

– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast

– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr

– Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8

– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/

– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4

– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#497 – Biggest Mysteries in Physics: Antimatter, Dark Energy & ToE – Don Lincoln

Jean-Baptiste Kempf is lead developer of VLC and president of VideoLAN. Kieran Kunhya is a longtime FFmpeg contributor, codec engineer, and the person behind the now-infamous FFmpeg account on X.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep496-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/ffmpeg-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

FFmpeg on X: https://x.com/FFmpeg

FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/

VideoLAN (VLC): https://www.videolan.org/

VideoLAN on X: https://x.com/videolan

Jean-Baptiste’s Website: https://jbkempf.com/

Jean-Baptiste’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jbkempf/

Jean-Baptiste’s GitHub: https://github.com/jbkempf

Kieran’s X: https://x.com/kierank_

Kieran’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/3OORhmC

Kieran’s GitHub: https://github.com/kierank

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.

Go to https://larridin.com

Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.

Go to https://blitzy.com/lex

BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.

Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex

Fin: AI agent for customer service.

Go to https://fin.ai/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(10:48) – Weirdest things VLC opens

(15:12) – How video playback works

(24:33) – Video codecs and containers

(35:20) – FFmpeg explained

(56:20) – Linus Torvalds

(1:00:59) – Turning down millions to keep VLC ad-free

(1:15:17) – FFmpeg & Google drama

(1:34:31) – FFmpeg developers

(1:41:08) – VLC and FFmpeg

(1:45:42) – History of FFmpeg

(1:48:59) – Reverse engineering codecs

(2:02:14) – FFmpeg testing

(2:06:21) – Assembly code (handwritten)

(2:30:39) – Rust programming language

(2:39:55) – FFmpeg and Libav fork

(2:48:17) – Open source burnout

(2:56:04) – x264 and internet video

(3:09:20) – Video compression basics

(3:16:17) – CIA and fake VLC

(3:26:52) – Ultra low latency streaming

(3:44:20) – AV2 codec and video patents

(3:54:12) – VLC backdoors

(4:04:27) – Video archiving

(4:11:04) – Future of FFmpeg and VLC

#496 – FFmpeg: The Incredible Technology Behind Video on the Internet

Lars Brownworth is a historian, teacher, podcaster, and author specializing in Viking history, medieval Europe, and the Byzantine Empire.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep495-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/lars-brownworth-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

Lars’s Website: https://larsbrownworth.com/

The Sea Wolves (book): https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Wolves-History-Vikings/dp/1909979120

Lars’s Books: https://amzn.to/4sHY0xw

12 Byzantine Rulers Podcast : https://12byzantinerulers.com/

Norman Centuries Podcast: https://apple.co/4sgSxNi

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.

Go to https://larridin.com

BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.

Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Fin: AI agent for customer service.

Go to https://fin.ai/lex

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(01:03) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(08:57) – The start of the Viking Age

(18:50) – Viking military strategy, tactics & technology

(32:33) – Ragnar Lothbrok

(42:00) – The Great Heathen Army

(46:42) – Rollo and Normandy

(56:54) – Viking religion and Valhalla

(1:07:25) – Viking explorers

(1:12:33) – Vikings in North America

(1:25:55) – Vikings in the East

(1:45:33) – Byzantine Empire

(1:54:17) – History and human nature

PODCAST LINKS:

– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast

– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr

– Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8

– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/

– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4

– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#495 – Vikings, Ragnar, Berserkers, Valhalla & the Warriors of the Viking Age

Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA, the world’s most valuable company and the engine powering the AI computing revolution.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep494-sc

See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:

https://lexfridman.com/jensen-huang-transcript

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

NVIDIA: https://nvidia.com

NVIDIA on X: https://x.com/nvidia

NVIDIA AI on X: https://x.com/NVIDIAAI

NVIDIA on YouTube: https://youtube.com/@nvidia

NVIDIA on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nvidia/

NVIDIA on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/nvidia/

NVIDIA on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NVIDIA/

NVIDIA on GitHub: https://github.com/NVIDIA

Nemotron: https://developer.nvidia.com/nemotron

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

Shopify: Sell stuff online.

Go to https://shopify.com/lex

LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.

Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex

Fin: AI agent for customer service.

Go to https://fin.ai/lex

Quo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses.

Go to https://quo.com/lex

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(00:26) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(06:34) – Extreme co-design and rack-scale engineering

(09:20) – How Jensen runs NVIDIA

(28:41) – AI scaling laws

(43:41) – Biggest blockers to AI scaling laws

(45:25) – Supply chain

(47:20) – Memory

(53:25) – Power

(58:45) – Elon and Colossus

(1:02:13) – Jensen’s approach to engineering and leadership

(1:07:38) – China

(1:15:51) – TSMC and Taiwan

(1:21:06) – NVIDIA’s moat

(1:26:43) – AI data centers in space

(1:30:31) – Will NVIDIA be worth $10 trillion?

(1:40:40) – Leadership under pressure

(1:54:26) – Video games

(2:01:18) – AGI timeline

(2:03:31) – Future of programming

(2:17:02) – Consciousness

(2:23:23) – Mortality

PODCAST LINKS:

– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast

– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr

– Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8

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– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4

– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#494 – Jensen Huang: NVIDIA – The $4 Trillion Company & the AI Revolution

Jeff Kaplan is a legendary Blizzard game designer of World of Warcraft and Overwatch, now preparing to launch a new game, The Legend of California, from his new studio Kintsugiyama – available to wishlist on Steam today, with alpha later in March.

Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep493-sc

See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

CONTACT LEX:

Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey

AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama

Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring

Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:

The Legend of California (Steam Page): https://store.steampowered.com/app/2550530/The_Legend_of_California

Jeff’s Game Studio: https://www.kintsugiyama.com/

SPONSORS:

To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:

Fin: AI agent for customer service.

Go to https://fin.ai/lex

Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.

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CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews.

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Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.

Go to https://perplexity.ai/

OUTLINE:

(00:00) – Introduction

(02:24) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections

(10:47) – Early games: Pac-Man, Zork, Doom, Quake

(25:12) – Writing career – 170 rejection letters

(40:45) – EverQuest obsession

(53:43) – Getting hired at Blizzard

(1:09:11) – Lowest point in Jeff’s life

(1:15:16) – One of Us

(1:19:33) – Early Blizzard culture

(1:39:15) – Building World of Warcraft

(1:56:59) – How WoW changed video games

(2:14:21) – Single-player vs Multi-player

(2:35:15) – How Blizzard made great video games

(3:01:04) – Online toxicity

(3:08:38) – Why Titan failed

(3:25:48) – Overwatch in six weeks

(3:52:46) – Best Overwatch heroes

(4:01:16) – The challenge of matchmaking

(4:04:40) – Rust

(4:15:01) – Why Jeff left Blizzard

(4:37:14) – Diablo IV

(4:38:42) – Getting back to making video games

(4:47:38) – The Legend of California

(5:01:23) – Greatest video game of all time

(5:09:30) – AI and future of video games

PODCAST LINKS:

– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast

– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr

– Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8

– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/

– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4

– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

#493 – Jeff Kaplan: World of Warcraft, Overwatch, Blizzard, and Future of Gaming

Juergen Schmidhuber is the co-creator of long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) which are used in billions of devices today for speech recognition, translation, and much more. Over 30 years, he has proposed a lot of interesting, out-of-the-box ideas in artificial intelligence including a formal theory of creativity. Video version is available on YouTube. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations.

Juergen Schmidhuber: Godel Machines, Meta-Learning, and LSTMs

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