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Cato Institute

Power Problems is a bi-weekly podcast from the Cato Institute. Host John Glaser offers a skeptical take on U.S. foreign policy, and discusses today’s big questions in international security with distinguished guests from across the political spectrum. Podcast Hashtag: #FPPowerProblems.

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Power Problems

Joshua Landis, professor of Middle East studies at the University of Oklahoma, discusses the recent rebel advances in Syria, the causes and conditions that paved the way for the fall of the Assad regime, the many mistakes of US policy since the start of the civil war, and the regional politics wrapped up in Syria’s future. 

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The Fall of Assad & Syria's Uncertain Future

Anatol Lieven, Director of the Eurasia Program at the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, discusses how the international politics of the Ukraine war have changed since Trump’s election win, how to move towards negotiations to end the war, and the various issues - from territory to NATO membership - to be resolved in any peace deal. 

Show Notes

Anatol Lieven, “Three Conditions for a US-Backed Peace Agreement in Ukraine,” UnHerd, November 30, 2024.

Anatol Lieven, George Beebe, “The Diplomatic Path to a Secure Ukraine,” Quincy Paper #13, February 16, 2024.

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Negotiating Peace in Ukraine

Julia Gledhill, Research Associate for the National Security Reform Program at the Stimson Center, discusses the “permanent war economy” and ongoing efforts to increase military spending. She also talks about perverse incentives for defense contractors, the myth that military spending is properly construed as a jobs program, and the lack of strategic thinking in policy debates on how to confront China, among other issues. 

Show Notes

 • Julia Gledhill, “
The Truth about the Permanent War Economy, • ” Stimson Center Issue Brief, December 2, 2024.

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Perverse Incentives in the Permanent War Economy

Sam Bresnick, Research Fellow at Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology, discusses artificial intelligence in the context of the US-China relationship. He explains how AI will be used by states in coming years and compares different obstacles and advantages that both the US and China have in their competition to develop AI and its various applications. Among other topics, he also discusses diplomatic pathways for the US and China to avoid dangerous AI scenarios. 

Show Notes

Sam Bresnick, “The Obstacles to China’s AI Power,” Foreign Affairs, December 31, 2024

Sam Bresnick, et al., “Which Ties Will Bind?” CSET Issue Brief, February 2024

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The AI Competition with China

Oona Hathaway, professor of international law at Yale University, addresses President Trump’s plans to expand US territory into Greenland, the Panama Canal, and Canada. She discusses international law, the causes of the decline in interstate war, the difference between norms and laws, the problem of enforcement, tensions between norms against conquest and the need for a negotiated peace in the Russia-Ukraine war, among other topics. 

Show Notes

 • Oona A. Hathaway, Scott J. Shapiro, 
The Internationalists: How a Radical Plan to Outlaw War Remade the World • , Simon & Schuster, 2017.

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Trump, Conquest, & the Laws of War

Miranda Priebe, senior political scientist at RAND, discusses US strategy towards Europe and Asia and how to manage relations with Russia and China. She talks about changes to US posture towards Europe and Russia following the Ukraine war, NATO strategy, how to manage the Russia-China relationship, and potential changes to US posture in Asia, particularly towards Taiwan. She also touches upon the ‘isolationist’ label, the complicated politics of restraint, and how to put diplomacy at the forefront of US foreign policy, among other topics. 

Show Notes

 • Miranda Priebe, Jasen Castillo, “
Here’s why Trump’s foreign policy is hard to pin down • ,” MSNBC.com, December 28, 2024.
 • Miranda Priebe, John Schuessler, Bryan Rooney, Jasen Castillo; “
Competing Visions of Restraint • .” 
International Security • 2024; 49 (2): 135–169.
 • Miranda Priebe and Sam Charap, :”
Will Putin Stop at Ukraine? That’s the Wrong Question • .” 
The Washington Quarterly • , 47(3), 143–159.
 • Miranda Priebe, et al. “
Like-Minded Allies? Indo-Pacific Partners' Views on Possible Changes in the U.S. Relationship with Taiwan • .” Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2023.
 • Miranda Priebe and Sam Charan, “
Planning for the Aftermath: Assessing Options for U.S. Strategy Toward Russia After the Ukraine War • .” Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2024.

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Reconsidering US Strategy in Europe & Asia

Christopher Preble joins us to discuss what restraint in foreign policy means and what it would look like in practice.

Show notes: 

 • Guest Bio: 
Christopher Preble • Barry Posen, 
Restraint: A New Foundation for U.S. Grand Strategy • Cato Institute, “
Our Foreign Policy Choices: Rethinking America’s Global Role • ”

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It’s All about Those (Military) Bases

Today we talk about Trump’s new Afghanistan strategy with Sameer Lalwani. Is there anything new here?

Show notes:

 • Guest Bio: 
Sameer LalwaniTrump’s Televised Speech on Afghanistan Strategy

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Same Strategy, Different Day

Tensions are rising on the Korean peninsula, between North Korea’s nuclear and missile tests and Trump’s inflammatory tweets. We discuss the situation with Joshua Pollack. Show notes: • Guest Bio: 
Joshua PollackWhat Does the Timing of North Korea’s Missile Tests Mean?Is Ballistic Missile Defense the Answer?

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The AI Competition with China

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