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#1 To be conscious is to have some sort of phenomenology. Any kind of experience – any phenomenological property – counts as much as any other. Where there is experience, there is phenomenology, and where there is phenomenology, there is consciousness.
#2 The definition of consciousness is simple: it is any kind of subjective experience whatsoever. However, this is a good thing. When a complex phenomenon is incompletely understood, prematurely precise definitions can be constraining and even misleading.
#3 The hard problem of consciousness is the question of how it is that certain systems are subjects of experience. It is difficult to explain why there is something it is like to experience a mental image, or to experience an emotion.
#4 The idea that the universe is made of physical stuff and that conscious states are either identical to or somehow emerge from particular arrangements of this physical stuff is called physicalism. Dualism is the belief that consciousness and physical matter are separate substances or modes of existence, and that they never interact.
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